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Founder and commencement Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia

His Excellency Major-General The Honourable

Richard Clement Moody

FICE FRGS RIBA; Knight Grand Cross of the Club of Military Merit of French republic,
Richard Clement Moody (1859).JPG

Richard Cloudless Moody, 1859
Governor of the Falkland Islands
In office
1 October 1841 – July 1848
Monarch Queen Victoria
Preceded past None (Moody inaugural holder)
Succeeded by George Rennie
Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia
In function
25 December 1858 – July 1863
Monarch Queen Victoria
Preceded by None (Moody inaugural holder)
Succeeded by Frederick Seymour
Personal details
Born (1813-02-13)xiii Feb 1813
St. Ann's Garrison, Bridgetown, Barbados
Died 31 March 1887(1887-03-31) (aged 74)
Bournemouth, England
Resting place St Peter'due south Church, Bournemouth.
Nationality British
Spouse(south) Mary Hawks, daughter of Joseph Hawks JP DL, Sheriff of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Married 1852.
Relations
  • James Leith Moody (b.1816), Clergyman to Royal Navy and British Regular army (blood brother)
  • Colonel Hampden Clement Blamire Moody CB (1821 - 1869), Commander of the Royal Engineers in Cathay during the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion (brother)
  • Reynold Cloudless (1834 - 1905), cricketer (cousin)
Children 13, 11 of which survived infancy, including:
  • Colonel Richard S. Hawks Moody (b.1854)
  • Helm Henry de Clervaux Moody (b. 1864)
  • Major George R. B. Moody (b. 1865)
Parent(s) Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt.; Martha Cloudless (1784 – 1868)
Residence(south) Government Business firm, New Westminster
Didactics Homeschooled
Alma mater Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Occupation Governor; Engineer; Architect; Soldier.
Armed forces service
Allegiance United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
Co-operative/service Majestic Engineers
Rank Major-General
Commands
  • Commander-in-Chief, Falkland Islands (1841 - 1848)
  • Commanding Royal Engineer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1852 - 1854)
  • Executive Officer of the Crown Colony of Republic of malta (1854 - May 1855)
  • Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment (Dec 1858 - July 1863)
  • Commanding Regal Engineer, Scotland (November 1855 - December 1858)
  • Commanding Royal Engineer, Chatham Dockyard (1864 - 1866)

Richard Clement Moody FICE FRGS RIBA Knight K Cross of the Order of Armed forces Merit of France (13 Feb 1813 – 31 March 1887) was a British governor, engineer, architect, and soldier. He is best known for being the founder and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia; and for existence Commanding Executive Officer of Republic of malta during the Crimean War; and for being the showtime British Governor of the Falkland Islands.

Moody founded British Columbia equally the Colony of British Columbia, after he was selected to "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific"[1] past [Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton]], who desired to send to the nascent Colony 'representatives of the best of British culture' who had 'courtesy, high breeding, and urbane noesis of the world'.[two] The British Regime considered Moody to exist the definitive 'English gentleman and British Officer'. [3] Moody's official title was Commander of the Regal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, Principal Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia, and commencement Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.

Moody, who is considered to be the founding begetter of British Columbia,[4] founded the new capital of British Columbia, New Westminster, and has been described as 'the existent father of New Westminster'.[5] He also established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park, and named Burnaby Lake after his private secretary Robert Burnaby and Port Coquitlam's 400-foot "Mary Hill" after his wife, Mary Hawks.[six] He too designed the get-go Glaze of Artillery of British Columbia.[7] [8] Port Moody in British Columbia, and Moody Park and Moody Square in New Westminster, are named after him.

He was likewise the beginning Governor of the Falkland Islands, whose settlements he founded and congenital. He selected the site for and founded Port Stanley, the capital of the Falkland Islands, and Moody Beck in the Falkland Islands is named after him. Moody Indicate in Antarctica is also named afterward him.

Moody was a polymath who excelled both in science and in the arts. He planned the restoration of Edinburgh Castle using musical chords, for which he was summoned to Windsor Castle to nowadays his plans to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.[4] [9] He has been described as 'a visionary in a plain land' and 'a man who could conceive of Edinburgh Castle in terms of a musical score'.[ten]

Birth and ancestry [edit]

Richard Clement Moody was built-in at St. Ann's Garrison, Barbados, West Indies. He was the third of ten children of Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt.,[11] [12] [xiii] [14] a scion of a prominent British family unit,[15] and Martha Clement (1784 - 1868), who was the daughter of Richard Clement (1754 - 1829), a Dutch landowner,[16] afterward whom Richard Clement Moody was named,[17] and through whom he was related to the cricketer Reynold Clement.[18]

Richard Clement Moody's siblings included Major Thomas Moody (1809 - 1839);[12] Reverend James Leith Moody (1816 -1896),[19] [12] [xi] Chaplain to Royal Navy in Cathay and to the British Army in the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Malta, and Crimea;[twenty] Colonel Hampden Cloudless Blamire Moody CB (1821 - 1869),[12] [11] Commander of the Royal Engineers in Cathay[21] [22] during the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion; and Shute Barrington Moody[12] [11] MICE (b. 1818), an expert on sugar cultivation.[23] [24] [25] His paternal grandmother was Barbara Blamire, a member of the Blamire family of Cumberland and cousin of the politician William Blamire MP and of the poet Susanna Blamire.[26]

Instruction [edit]

Richard Clement was educated by individual tutors[sixteen] earlier he enrolled, at the age of fourteen, in the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, every bit a Admirer Cadet,[7] where he became Head of the Schoolhouse in his second year before leaving the following year. Like his male parent[fifteen] and his brother Hampden Cloudless,[27] Richard Clement was a polymath who displayed a prodigious ability in mathematics, music, architectural draughtsmanship from an early on age, and sustained a great interest in both science and the fine arts throughout his life.[iv]

Overview of military and civil career [edit]

Richard Cloudless trained on the Ordnance Survey in 1829,[sixteen] and, subsequently, was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in 1830.[16] He was promoted to Lieutenant 1835, to Second Helm in 1844, to Helm in 1847, to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1855, to Colonel in 1858, and to Major-General in 1866.[16] [11] [28]

Moody served with the Ordnance Survey in Ireland from 1832[16] to 1833.[xi] He served on St. Vincent from October 1833[11] [xvi] to September 1837,[xi] and, afterwards, on a tour the United States, with Sir Charles Felix Smith, from 1837[eleven] to 1838.[xi] [xvi] On his return from the United states of america, Moody was stationed at Devonport.[11] Moody served as Professor of Fortifications at Royal Armed forces Academy, Woolwich from July 1838[eleven] to October 1841.[29] [11] [16]

Moody was in October 1841 appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the Falkland-Islands: this position was renamed Governor of the Falkland Islands in 1843, when he also became Commander-in-Chief of the Falkland Islands. He served in these positions until July 1848, when he left Stanley, and arrived in England in Feb 1849.[16] [11] Moody in 1848 received the Knight M Cantankerous of the Order of Armed services Merit of France.[thirty] [31]

He served equally an adjutant-de-camp to the British Colonial Office, on special service, from August 1849.[16] He served at Chatham Dockyard and at Plymouth during 1851.[16] [11] Moody was appointed Commanding Majestic Engineer of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1852, equally which he served until 1854.[sixteen] [11] Moody was Executive Officer at Malta, during 1854, during the Crimean War, simply was compelled to resign from this post in May 1855[11] as a consequence of ill wellness.[sixteen] He toured Germany[11] earlier his appointment as Commander of the Royal Engineers in Scotland in Nov 1855.[11] [sixteen]

Moody was appointed the Commander of the Majestic Engineers, Columbia Detachment; the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia; and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, from December 1858 to July 1863.[11] [fourteen]

He arrived in England, from British Columbia, in December 1863.[11] He was Commanding Royal Engineer at Chatham Dockyard betwixt 1864 and 1866.[11] [iv] [xiv] [sixteen] He retired from the Army, on full pay, in January 1866. After his retirement from the war machine, Moody served as a municipal political Commissioner,[11] and expended his time between the various learned societies of which he were a fellow member.[16]

Governor of the Falkland Islands (October 1841 – July 1848) [edit]

Settlement [edit]

In 1833 the Uk asserted authority over the Falkland Islands. In 1841, Moody, aged but 28 years, was appointed, on the recommendation of Lord Vivian, to be the first Lieutenant-Governor of the Falkland Islands.[xvi] It is likely that the illustrious reputation, at the Colonial Part, of Richard Clement Moody's father, Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt., contributed to the Function's determination to appoint him to such an important position at an unprecedentedly young historic period,[16] and, furthermore, to grant him powers that were exceptional fifty-fifty relative to those possessed by other colonial Governors.[xi] Richard Clement Moody departed England, for Falkland, on 1 October 1841.[11] [32] This post was renamed Governor of the Falkland Islands in 1843, when Richard Cloudless also became Commander-in-Principal of the Falkland Islands.[33] Moody was directed by Lord John Russell to do an authority of 'influence, persuasion, and example'.[sixteen] Moody left England, for Falkland, on 9 October 1842.[16] When Moody arrived, on board the Hebe,[33] at Port Louis on 16 January 1842,[sixteen] the Falklands was 'almost in a state of anarchy', merely he used his powers 'with great wisdom and moderation'[xi] [iv] to develop the Islands' infrastructure.[16]

During his offset years on the Islands, Moody'due south merely social equal was his private secretarial assistant, Murrell Robinson Robinson [sic], a surveyor and engineer, who was the nephew of i of Moody'due south tutors.[34] Moody appointed Robinson equally a JP in 1843. However, Moody and Robinson had an atmospherics in March 1845 in which Moody banished Murrell from the Islands, telling Robinson to fix out 'axe in hand' for another colony.[34]

Moody completed a comprehensive Full general Report of the Falkland Islands for the British Authorities: information technology was completed on 14 April 1842 and was sent to London on 3 May.[16] In his General Report, Moody recommended that the Regime encourage settlers and promote extensive sheep farming. He estimated the population of sheep to be twoscore,000 in 1842 and encouraged the Authorities to import quality stock from Britain to exist crossed with the local breeds: this policy was implemented to considerable success and was adopted past future settlers.[32]

The botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, who arrived on the Islands with the trek of James Clark Ross, described Moody as 'a very active and intelligent young homo, most broken-hearted to improve the colony and gain every information [sic] respecting its products'. Moody granted Hooker full use of his personal library, which Hooker described as 'first-class',[35] and the two developed a close friendship.[36]

George Thomas Whitington had attempted to strength Moody to travel to the Falkland Islands in his brig Alarm: Moody refused to accede, and, thereby, provoked a feud between the Moody family and the Whitington family – which included John Balderdash Whitington in the Falkland Islands – that continued for his entire term as Governor of the Falkland Islands. Whitington criticised Moody in the Colonial Mag of November 1844.[xvi]

The Foundation of Stanley [edit]

Near directly after Moody's arrival in 1842 the Antarctic Expedition of Sir James Clark Ross sailed into Port Louis. Ross advised Moody that he should choose for his capital a site that was more hands accessible to sailing ships than Port Louis.[37] Moody followed his communication and investigated the suitability of Port William, which had been recommended by Lord John Russell,[33] which Moody concluded to be the best site for the new upper-case letter of the Falkland Islands. He renamed the site Port Stanley later on Lord Stanley, Secretarial assistant of State for War and the Colonies, and founded and developed the city, to which he moved his administration moved in 1845.[16] Moody designed Regime House in Stanley, although his pattern was only completed in 1850, 1 year afterwards he had returned to England. Sir James Ross afterwards named Moody Point, off Joinville Island in Antarctica, afterwards Richard Clement Moody.[38]

In Falkland, Moody levied a taxation on alcohol, without any dominance from London, and, because at that place was a lack of currency on the island, issued his ain currency, of promissory notes, also without dominance from London. Both measures resolved firsthand problems on the Islands, but Moody was criticized in Parliament, by Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet, for the latter.[16]

In June 1843, when Moody's office was renamed 'Governor' (from Lieutenant-Governor), Moody was instructed by the Colonial Role to found a colonial administration with a Legislative Quango and an Executive Quango.[16] The records of Moody's 'conscientious' and 'impressive' assistants of Falkland are held in the Jane Cameron National Archives in Stanley.[32]

Moody enacted laws, collected duties and taxes, and enforced club. He asked the British authorities for a doctor, a magistrate, and a chaplain: all 3 were dispatched, the latter being Richard Clement's brother, James Leith Moody,[xix] who arrived in October 1845, proved himself to be 'querulous and eccentric', and engaged in a feud with his brother.[16] Richard Clement established residences, Authorities offices, a barracks, a new route organization, docks, a court of law, a gaol, a school, a church, a graveyard, and a police strength.[sixteen] He established the requested Executive Quango and a Legislative Quango in 1845, each consisting of British officials, merchants, and local landowners.[32] [xvi] Moody'south activities were impeded by the incompetence of several members of his assistants, and he dismissed several of them.[xvi]

Moody was besides damning of the original community on the Islands, but praised his Royal Engineers: he wrote, our customs... chiefly composed of men of the lowest class, formerly seamen in whale ships & sealers, foreigners and Spanish gauchos... the just persons opposed to such wretched material for the germination of a colony are the five or 6 gentlemen and the detachment of Purple Sappers and Miners. [16]

When Moody's begetter was posted, from the Colonial Office, to Guernsey, and Henry Grey, tertiary Earl Grey became Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, both in 1846, the Colonial Office became less sympathetic to Richard Clement.[16]

Militia [edit]

In 1845, animosity on the River Plate betwixt the British and the French fleets and the Argentine Authorities of Juan Manuel de Rosas provoked Moody to request an arms contingent from Britain and to raise his ain militia using his Royal Engineers to railroad train the local population. In 1891, the militia founded by Moody was renamed the Falkland Islands Volunteer Strength: information technology was later renamed again to the Falkland Islands Defense force Force, and it saw action in both World Wars and during the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands in 1982,[32] when, coincidentally, one of the focal points of the Argentine offensive was Moody Beck, named after Richard Clement.

Permanent infrastructure [edit]

Moody'due south disciplinarian approach caused antipathy between him and his subordinates, particularly his unbalanced brother James Leith, the Chaplain to the British Strength in the Islands. However, from the perspective of the British Government, Richard Clement Moody'due south tenure was an overwhelming success, the consequence of which has been 180 years of British administration of the islands.[32]

In 1994, to marking the 150th ceremony of the founding of Stanley, Moody, together with James Clark Ross and Lord Stanley, was commemorated on the Falkland Islands stamps issued.[xvi] [33] Government House in Stanley, which was designed by Moody, featured on the stamps issued in 1933, to commemorate the Centenary, on those issued in 1983, to commemorate 150 years of British administration of the Islands, and on those issued in 1996 to commemorate the visit, in January of that year, by Princess Anne.[33] Moody Brook is named later Richard Cloudless.[39]

In 1845 Moody introduced tussock grass into Smashing Uk from Falkland, for which he received the gold medal of the Imperial Agricultural Society.[xi] [39] Moody wrote an business relationship of tussock grass in the Periodical of the Imperial Agricultural Order (IV.17, V.l,VII.73).[11] The Glaze of artillery of the Falkland Islands notably includes an image of tussock grass.[40]

Moody left the Falkland Islands, for England, on HM Ship Nautilus, in July 1848.[xvi] Moody arrived in England in February 1849.[39] [11]

Britain and Malta (Feb 1849 - October 1858) [edit]

Moody in 1848 received the Knight Thou Cross of the Order of Military Merit of France.[30] [31] He served as an aide-de-camp to the British Colonial Office, on special service, from Baronial 1849.[sixteen] During this menstruation, Richard Clement tended to his father, Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt.[29]

Richard Clement Moody served at Chatham Dockyard and at Plymouth during 1851.[16] [11] Moody was appointed Commanding Royal Engineer of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1852, equally which he served until 1854.[xvi] [11] During Moody'due south appointment in this position, a dandy reservoir at Holmfirth, Yorkshire, burst, on 5 February 1852, and destroyed life and property, and Moody was employed to direct the relief endeavor and to inspect the other reservoirs in the district.[xi] Moody was promoted to Regimental Colonel on 8 December 1853.[xi]

Moody was appointed Executive Officer of Malta, during 1854, during the Crimean War. Whilst at Republic of malta, his eldest son, Richard Stanley Hawks Moody, later a distinguished Colonel in the British Army, was born, on 23 October 1854, at Strada Reale, Valletta.[29] However, Richard Cloudless Moody was compelled to resign from his post in May 1855[11] as a issue of having contracted Xanthous Fever.[16]

He toured Federal republic of germany[eleven] before his appointment equally Commander of the Royal Engineers in Scotland in November 1855, as which he served until Oct 1858.[xi] [16] Moody enjoyed the intellectual society at Edinburgh, whilst in Scotland,[16] met some of the about learned men of the historic period in both science and the fine arts,[iv] and became involved in various architectural projects.[16]

Musical Program for Edinburgh Castle and Queen Victoria [edit]

Moody displayed prodigious musical abilities from an early on historic period. Whilst in Germany, after his resignation from his position at Malta, he drew up plans for the restoration of Edinburgh Castle that were based on a musical architectural principle in which measurements were made 'drawn to musical chords'.[iv] [three] [xi] He has been described every bit 'a visionary in a apparently country' and 'a man who could conceive of Edinburgh Castle in terms of a musical score'.<[10] His plans so impressed Lord Panmure that he was invited to Windsor Castle to present them to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, both of whom were talented musicians and both of whom were delighted.[4] [9] [11] [xvi] The implementation of Moody's plans was disrupted by the retirement of Lord Panmure and they were never implemented. They are retained at the War Office, where 'they still remain a memorial to Moody'due south talent'.[iv]

Founder and commencement Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia (Oct 1858 - July 1863) [edit]

Selection [edit]

Moody was hand-picked by Lord Lytton to found British Columbia. Lytton considered Moody to be the archetypal 'English language admirer and British Officeholder'.

When news of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush reached London, Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Secretarial assistant of State for the Colonies, requested that War Office recommend a field officeholder who were 'a man of good judgement possessing a cognition of mankind' to lead a Corps of 150 (later increased to 172) Imperial Engineers who had been selected for their 'superior subject area and intelligence'.[seven] The War Role chose Moody: and Lord Lytton, who described Moody equally his 'distinguished friend',[41] accustomed their nomination, as a consequence of Moody's military record, his success every bit Governor of the Falkland Islands, and the distinguished record of his father, Colonel Thomas Moody, Knight, at the Colonial Office.[7] Moody was charged to establish British order and to transform the newly established Colony of British Columbia (1858–66) into the British Empire'south "barrier in the farthest west"[42] and "institute a 2d England on the shores of the Pacific".[41] [1] Lytton desired to send to the colony 'representatives of the best of British culture, non merely a police': he sought men who possessed 'courtesy, loftier breeding and urbane cognition of the earth'[2] and he decided to transport Moody, whom the Government considered to be the archetypal 'English gentleman and British Officer'[3] at the head of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment. Moody's brother, Colonel Hampden Clement Blamire Moody, had already served with the Imperial Engineers in British Columbia, from 1840 to 1848,[43] to such success that he had been subsequently granted control of the Regiment across the entirety of China.[44]

Richard Clement and his family - which so consisted of his married woman and four children - left England, for British Columbia, in October 1858, and arrived in British Columbia in Dec 1858,[16] with the 172 Royal Engineers of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment under his command.[xvi] He was sworn in equally the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia and appointed Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia.[sixteen] On the communication of Lytton, Moody hired Robert Burnaby every bit his personal secretary, and the two became close friends.

Moody's letter to his friend Arthur Blackwood at the Colonial Office, dated i February 1859, contains several passages of sublime poetical description that demonstrate the qualities for which he was preferred.[45] [3]

Ned McGowan's War [edit]

Moody had hoped to brainstorm immediately the foundation of a capital city, but on his arrival at Fort Langley, he learned of an outbreak of violence, at the settlement of Hill's Bar, that was led by a notorious outlaw, Ned McGowan, and involved a group of restive gold miners.[16] Moody suppressed the rebellion, which became popularly known as "Ned McGowan'southward War", without loss of life.[16] Moody describes the incident thus:

"The notorious Ned McGowan, of Californian celebrity at the caput of a ring of Yankee Rowdies defying the law! Every peaceable citizen frightened out of his wits!—Summons & warrants laughed to scorn! A Magistrate seized while on the Bench, & brought to the Insubordinate'south camp, tried, condemned, & heavily fined! A homo shot dead shortly earlier! Such a tale to welcome me at the close of a day of great enjoyment."[46]

Moody enjoyed a warm reception for his success that he describes thus: "They gave me a Salute, firing off their loaded Revolvers over my head—Pleasant—Balls whistling over one's head! equally a compliment! Suppose a hand had dropped by blow! I stood up, & raised my cap & thanked them in the Queen's proper name for their loyal reception of me".[47]

The Foundation of New Westminster [edit]

In British Columbia, Moody 'wanted to build a metropolis of beauty in the wilderness' and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British say-so, 'styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe'.[48] Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland. He selected the site and founded the new uppercase, New Westminster.[xvi] In British Columbia, he was described every bit 'the real father of New Westminster'[5] He selected the site, which was a dense forest of Douglas pino,[11] due to the strategic excellence of its position and the quality of its port.[48] He was as well struck by the majestic beauty of the site, writing in his letter to Blackwood,

"The archway to the Frazer is very striking--Extending miles to the right & left are depression marsh lands (plainly of very rich qualities) & all the same fr the Background of Superb Mountains-- Swiss in outline, night in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the archway to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. [...] My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. [...] The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, non a ripple before united states, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away".[45] [49]

Moody likened his vision of the nascent Colony of British Columbia to the pastoral scenes painted by Aelbert Cuyp

Moody founded New Westminster,[11] but Lord Lytton, and so Secretary of State for the Colonies, 'forgot the practicalities of paying for clearing and developing the site and the boondocks' and the efforts of Moody's Engineers were continuously hampered by bereft funds, which, together with the continuous opposition of Douglas, 'made it impossible for [Moody'due south] design to be fulfilled'.[50]

Moody designed the roads and the diverse settlements of New Westminster,[eleven] and his Majestic Engineers, under Captain J.Yard. Grant,[11] built an extensive route network, including what would become Kingsway, which connected New Westminster to False Creek; the North Route between Port Moody and New Westminster; the Pacific terminus, at Burrard's Inlet, at Port Moody, of the Canadian and Pacific Railway (which has afterwards been extended to the mouth of the Inlet and at present terminates at Vancouver);[xi] the Cariboo Road; and Stanley Park. He named Burnaby Lake subsequently his private secretary Robert Burnaby and named Port Coquitlam's 400-human foot "Mary Hill" subsequently his wife. Port Moody was established past Richard Clement, at the terminate of the trail that continued New Westminster with Burrard Inlet, to defend New Westminster from potential attack from the US: it was, subsequently, named after him.[11] Moody also established a townsite at Hastings, which was later absorbed into Vancouver.[51] As part of the survey by the Regal Engineers, multiple tracts were designated as government reserves, including Stanley Park, an important strategic expanse that would accept proven to be invaluable in the event of an American invasion, which was specified equally a military reserve. The Pre-emption Deed did not specify weather for the distribution of the land, and, consequently, so big areas were bought past speculators.[7]

Moody requisitioned 3,750 acres (ane,517 hectares) for himself,[seven] and, on this country, he afterwards built for himself, and owned, Mayfield, a model subcontract near New Westminster.[51] Moody was criticized by local newspapermen for land grabbing,[7] but the activity was ordered by the Colonial Office.[xvi] Moody's fifth, 6th, and 7th children, all daughters, were born at Regime House, New Westminster. He is also thought to have fathered at least two illegitimate children with his Native American housekeeper.[16]

Throughout his duty in British Columbia, Moody stimulated the favour of the colonists and the beatitude of the authorities in London.[11]

Moody designed the commencement Coat of artillery of British Columbia.[seven] [8]

The Feud with Governor Douglas [edit]

Throughout his tenure in British Columbia, Moody was engaged in a bitter feud with Sir James Douglas, Governor of Vancouver Isle, whose jurisdiction overlapped with his ain. Moody'south position as Chief Commissioner and Lieutenant-Governor was ane of 'higher prestige [and] lesser authority' than that of Douglas, despite Moody'due south vastly superior social position in the optics of the Engineers and the British Government, which had selected Moody to "out manoeuvre the old Hudson'due south Bay Gene [Douglas]".[52] [53] Moody had been selected by Lord Lytton to due to his possession of the quality of the archetypal "English gentleman and British Officer", his family unit was "eminently respectable": he was the son of Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt., one of the wealthiest mercantilists in the West Indies, who owned much of the land in the islands where Douglas'south father owned a small corporeality of land and from which Douglas's mother, "a one-half-breed", originated. Governor Douglas'south ethnicity and made him "an affront to Victorian society".[54] Mary Moody, the descendant of the Hawks industrial dynasty and the Boyd merchant banking family,[55] wrote, on four August 1859, "it is not pleasant to serve under a Hudson's Bay Factor", and that the "Governor and Richard tin can never get on".[56] John Robson, the editor of the British Columbian, wanted Moody to become Governor of British Columbia, replacing Douglas.[vii] In letter to the Colonial Function of 27 December 1858, Richard Clement Moody boasts that he has "entirely disarmed [Douglas] of all jealously".[57] Douglas repeatedly insulted the Engineers past attempting to assume their command[58] and refusing to acknowledge their value in the nascent colony.[59]

Margaret A. Ormsby, writer of the Lexicon of Canadian Biography entry for Moody (2002), condemns Moody for a contribution to the bootless evolution of the city.[7] However, almost all other historianswho have assessed Moody accept considered him favourably, take exonerated him from culpability for the abortive development of New Westminster, and consider his accomplishment to be impressive, especially with regard to the perpetual insufficiency of funds and the personally motivated opposition of Douglas, whose opposition to the project continually retarded its development.[60] Robert Burnaby observed that Douglas proceeded with "muddling [Moody'due south] work and doubling his expenditure"[52] and with employing administrators to "work a crooked policy against Moody" to "retard British Columbia and build up... the stronghold of Hudson'southward Bay interests" and their own "landed stake".[61] Therefore, Robert Edgar Cail,[62] Don Due west. Thomson,[63] Ishiguro, and Scott have praised Moody for his contribution, the latter accusing Ormsby of being 'adamant in her dislike of Colonel Moody' despite the bear witness,[64] and almost all biographies of Moody, including those of the Establishment of Civil Engineers, the Imperial Engineers, and the British Columbia Historical Association, are flattering.

Moody's departure [edit]

Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment was disbanded in July 1863. The Moody family - now consisting of Moody, his wife, and vii legitimate children -[16] and the 22 Imperial Engineers who wished to return to England, who had 8 wives between them, departed for England.[sixteen] 130 of the original Columbia Detachment decided to remain in British Columbia.[7] Scott contends that the dissolution of the Columbia Detachment, and the consistent departure of Moody, 'doomed' the development of the settlement and the fruition of Lord Lytton'southward dream.[65]

A vast oversupply of New Westminster citizens gathered at the dock to bid bye to Moody as his boat departed for England. Moody always dreamed of returning to British Columbia, but he died before he was able to do so.[66] Moody left his library behind, in New Westminster, to become the public library of New Westminster.[xvi] [7]

Events subsequently Moody's departure [edit]

In April 1863, the Councillors of New Westminster decreed that an area of 20 acres in the suburbs should be reserved and named Moody Square in laurels of Richard Clement. The area around Moody Square, eventually completed only in 1889, has as well been named Moody Park in his honour.[67] Numerous developments have occurred in and around Moody Park, including Century House, which was opened by Princess Margaret on 23 July 1958. In 1984, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of New Westminster, a monument in honour of Richard Cloudless Moody, at the archway of the park, was unveiled past Mayor Tom Baker.[68]

In Jan 2014, with the support of the Friends of the British Columbia Archives and of the Imperial British Columbia Museum Foundation, the Majestic British Columbia Museum purchased a photograph album that had belonged to Richard Clement. The album contains over 100 photographs of the early settlement of British Columbia, including some of the earliest known photographs of First Nations peoples.[69]

For Moody'due south achievements in the Falkland Islands and in British Columbia, British diplomat David Tatham CMG, who served equally Governor of the Falkland Islands, has described Moody as an 'Empire builder'.[16]

Britain (December 1863 - March 1887) [edit]

Moody arrived in England, from British Columbia, in Dec 1863.[11] In March 1864, Moody was appointed Commanding Regal Engineer at Chatham Dockyard,[xi] [4] [14] [16] as which he served until Jan 1866.[xi] On 25 January 1866, Richard Clement was promoted to Major-General, and, subsequently, retired from the Ground forces, on full pay, later that month.[11] After his retirement from the military, Moody served as a Municipal Commissioner,[11] and expended his fourth dimension between the various learned societies of which he were a member.[16]

Richard Cloudless was elected an Acquaintance of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 23 Apr 1839, and was therefore one of its oldest members. He was also a Fellow of the Regal Geographical Society, a Member of the Majestic Agricultural Society an Honorary Acquaintance of the Imperial Plant of British Architects.[16] [4] Moody in 1848 received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit of France.[30] [31]

Moody's personal friends included the political leader and novelist Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton,[41] and the biologist Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.[36]

During his retirement, Moody lived at Caynham Court, Ludlow, Shropshire and later at Fairfield House, Charmouth, Lyme Regis.[29] [xi] Richard Clement Moody died at the Royal Bath Hotel, Bournemouth on 31 March 1887,[11] whilst visiting Bournemouth with his girl,[16] and was buried at St Peter'due south Church, Bournemouth.[29] He was not able to fulfil his dream of returning to British Columbia. He left over £24,000 in money, a vast sum in the Victorian age, in addition to his estates.[16]

Wedlock and issue [edit]

On 6 July 1852, at St Andrew's Church, Newcastle upon Tyne, Moody married Mary Susannah Hawks of the Hawks industrial dynasty, daughter of merchant banker Joseph Hawks JP DL,[11] [xvi] [lxx] Sheriff of Newcastle,[71] and Mary Boyd of the Boyd merchant banking family. Mary Hawks's maternal uncles included Admiral Benedictus Marwood Kelly and industrialist Edward Fenwick Boyd.[55]

After their marriage, Richard and Mary Moody embarked on a 1000 Bout of Europe, visiting France, Switzerland, and Germany.[29]

Richard Clement Moody named the 400-foot hill in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, "Mary Colina" later on his wife, Mary. However, Mary Moody disliked the nascent colony of British Columbia, and described living there as 'roughing it in the bush' relative to living in England.[72] The Royal British Columbia Museum possesses a trove of 42 messages written by Mary Moody from various colonies of the British Empire, mostly from the Colony of British Columbia (1858–66), to her mother and her sister, Emily Hawks, in England.[73] Mary Moody was highly literate, having been tutored in literature, penmanship, and French, and her letters have been of corking involvement to scholars studying the relationships between British families living in the colonies of the British Empire.[74] [75] [76]

Moody and Mary Hawks had thirteen children.[77] Moody is also reported to have fathered at least two further children with his Native American housekeeper which he left in British Columbia.[sixteen] The 13 children of Moody and Mary Hawks were:[77]

  1. Josephine 'Zeffie'[9] Mary (b.1853, Newcastle, d. 1923). A fabric embroiderer based at Fisherton de la Mere, Wiltshire.[78] [79] Married Arthur Newall, son of Robert Stirling Newall, in 1883. Had 2 sons, Robert Stanley FSA, (b.1884),[29] an Office of Woods archaeologist who made landmark excavations at Stonehenge with William Hawley,[fourscore] and Basil (b.1885).
  2. Colonel Richard Stanley Hawks Moody CB, War machine Knight of Windsor (b. 23 Oct 1854, Republic of malta, - d. 10 March 1930). Married Mary Latimer, 1881, and had four children. His eldest daughter, Mary Latimer, married James Fitzgerald Martin. His youngest daughter, Barbara Bindon, married James William Webb-Jones.[81]
  3. Charles Edmund (b. 1856, Edinburgh). Attended Cheltenham College. Businessman.[82] Married Kate Ellershaw, 1885. Had 3 daughters, the eldest of whom, Kathleen (b.1886) married Sir Donald Kingdon, Main Justice of the Gold Coast.[83]
  4. Walter Clement (b. 1858, Edinburgh, d. 1936). Married Laura Rynd, 1888.
  5. Susan (b 1860, Regime Business firm, New Westminster, British Columbia, d.1940).
  6. Mary (b.1861 Authorities House, New Westminster, British Columbia, d. 1938).
  7. Margaret (b. 1863, Government House, New Westminster, British Columbia). Married the Rev. Richard Lowndes, 1887. Had 2 sons and 2 daughters.
  8. Helm Henry de Clervaux (b. 1864, d. xiii December 1900, killed in activeness at Battle of Nooitgedacht, Second Boer War). He was named afterward his antecedent William Clervaux of Croft, from whom he descended via Sir William Chaytor. He attended Rugby School and Royal War machine University, Sandhurst.[84] Served in the Burmese Expedition between 1885-87 with the 2nd Battaltion the Queen'due south Own Royal W Kent Regiment and received the medal with squeeze. Served in Second Boer War equally aide-de-camp to Major-General Clements, commander of the twelfth Infantry Brigade, and was mentioned in despatches on 10 September 1901.[85] [86] Married Daisy Leighton. No event.[87] Cached at Krugersdorp Garden of Remembrance, South Africa, and commemorated at Hereford Cathedral.[88]
  9. Grace (b.1865, d.1947).
  10. Gertrude (b.1869, d.1914).
  11. Major George Robert Boyd (b. 1865, d. 1936). Married Dorothy Wingfield. His daughter, Rosemary Moody (1903 - 1982), married Richard Edward Holford (1909 - 1983), son of Captain Charles Frederick Holford OBE DSO, on 10 Baronial 1935.[89]
  12. Ruth and Rachel (Twins b. 20 April 1870, d. (both) 21 Apr 1870).[xc]

References [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ a b Barman, Jean (2007). The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia. University of Toronto Press. p. 71. ISBN978-ane-4426-9184-1.
  2. ^ a b Scott (1983), p. xiii.
  3. ^ a b c d Scott (1983), p. 19.
  4. ^ a b c d e f one thousand h i j k Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Book xc, Issue 1887, 1887, pp. 453-455, OBITUARY. MAJOR-Full general RICHARD CLEMENT MOODY, R.East., 1813-1887.
  5. ^ a b Edward, Mallandaine (1887). The British Columbia Directory, containing a Full general Directory of Business concern Men and Householders…. E. Mallandaine and R. T. Williams, Broad Street, Victoria, British Columbia. p. 215 in New Westminster District Directory.
  6. ^ "Col. Richard Clement Moody -- Postscript". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ormsby (1982) harvp error: no target: CITEREFOrmsby1982 (help)
  8. ^ a b "Heraldic Science Héraldique, Arms and Devices of Provinces and Territories, British Columbia". Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b c "Colonel Moody and what he did prior to arriving in British Columbia". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  10. ^ a b Scott (1983), pp. 56–57.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j chiliad l m n o p q r s t u v w 10 y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba Vetch1894, p. 332
  12. ^ a b c d e "Legacies of British Slave-Buying: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Moody: Profile and Legacies Summary". University College London. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  13. ^ Hall, Catherine (2014). Legacies of British Slave-Buying. Cambridge University Press. p. 61.
  14. ^ a b c d "The Purple Engineers: Colonel Richard Clement Moody". Retrieved iii Nov 2016.
  15. ^ a b Rupprecht, Anita (September 2012). "'When he gets among his countrymen,they tell him that he is free': Slave Merchandise Abolition, Indentured Africans and a Royal Commission". Slavery & Abolitionism. 33 (3): 435–455. doi:10.1080/0144039X.2012.668300. S2CID 144301729.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m northward o p q r s t u five due west 10 y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk Tatham, David. "Moody, Richard Clement". Dictionary of Falklands Biography.
  17. ^ "Legacies of British Slave Ownership: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Moody: Imperial Legacy Details".
  18. ^ "Hampden Clement: Profile and Legacies Summary, Legacies of British Slave Ownership, UCL". Academy College London. 2019.
  19. ^ a b Tatham, David. "Moody, James Leith". Dictionary of Falklands Biography.
  20. ^ Hughes-Hughes, W. O. (1893). Entry for Moody, James Leith, in The Register of Tonbridge School from 1820 to 1893. Richard Bentley and Son, London. p. 30.
  21. ^ War Office of Neat Uk (1863). Return to an Address of the Honourable The House of Commons, dated 25 June, 1863 : for, "Copy of the Correspondence Betwixt the Military machine Authorities at Shanghai and the War Part Respecting the Insalubrity of Shanghai as a Station for European Troops:" "And, Numerical Render of Sickness and Mortality of the Troops of All Arms at Shanghai, from the Year 1860 to the Latest Appointment, showing the Per-centage upon the Total Strength". p. 107.
  22. ^ Meehan, John D. Chasing the Dragon in Shanghai: Canada'south Early Relations with China, 1858-1952. p. 17.
  23. ^ Parliamentary Papers. H.1000. Stationery Office. 1848. p. 129.
  24. ^ Newton, W. (1844). Newton'due south London Periodical of Arts and Sciences. p. 293.
  25. ^ Scoffern, John (1849). The Industry of Sugar in the Colonies and at Home: Chemically Considered. p. A2.
  26. ^ "The Moody Family, Some Longtown Families". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  27. ^ "Moody, Hampden Clement". Government of Canada: Canadian Artists Online. Retrieved iii June 2017.
  28. ^ "The Sapper Vol. 5 No. ane June 1958". Retrieved iv July 2016.
  29. ^ a b c d eastward f k "The Photographic Album of Richard Clement Moody, Regal British Columbia Museum" (PDF).
  30. ^ a b c The New Almanac Army List for 1848, p.683. Au Agency Du Spectateur Militaire, 1848.
  31. ^ a b c "Statue of R. C. Moody in Sash and Star of Knight Grand Cross of Institution du Mérite Militaire (1848)". Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Col. R. C. Moody. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  32. ^ a b c d east f Government of the Falkland Islands (2013). Our Islands, Our History. Falkland Islands Museum and National Trust, Falkland Islands. p. Administration and Government.
  33. ^ a b c d east "Falkland Islands Newsletter". No. 89. Falkland Islands: Falkland Islands Clan. December 2005. p. 9.
  34. ^ a b Tatham, David. "Robinson, Murrell Robinson". Dictionary of Falklands Biography.
  35. ^ Tatham, David. "Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton". Dictionary of Falklands Biography.
  36. ^ a b Tatham, David. "Ross, Sir James Clark". Dictionary of Falklands Biography.
  37. ^ Regime of the Falkland Islands (2013). Our Islands, Our History. Falkland Islands Museum and National Trust, Falkland Islands. p. Origins: The Sea and Islands.
  38. ^ "Moody Bespeak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved four November 2013.
  39. ^ a b c Sweetman, John. "Moody, Richard Clement". Oxford Lexicon of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19085. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  40. ^ Wagstaff, William (2001). Falkland Islands. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 18. ISBN9781841620374 . Retrieved 1 Feb 2013.
  41. ^ a b c Drummond, Sir Henry (1908). "XXIII". Rambling Recollections, Vol. 1. Macmillan and Co., London. p. 272.
  42. ^ Donald J. Hauka, McGowan's State of war, Vancouver: 2003, New Star Books, p.146
  43. ^ "Royal Engineers Museum, Library and Archive, Gillingham, Kent: Individual Records" (PDF) . Retrieved three June 2017.
  44. ^ War Function of Great United kingdom (1863). Return to an Accost of the Honourable The Business firm of Commons, dated 25 June, 1863 : for, "Copy of the Correspondence Between the Military Government at Shanghai and the War Role Respecting the Insalubrity of Shanghai as a Station for European Troops:" "And, Numerical Return of Sickness and Bloodshed of the Troops of All Arms at Shanghai, from the Year 1860 to the Latest Date, showing the Per-centage upon the Total Force". p. 107.
  45. ^ a b Moody (1951), pp. 85–107.
  46. ^ Moody (1951), p. 95.
  47. ^ Moody (1951), p. 97.
  48. ^ a b Scott (1983), p. 26.
  49. ^ Barman, Jean (2007). The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia. Academy of Toronto Press. p. 7. ISBN978-1-4426-9184-ane.
  50. ^ Scott (1983), p. 27.
  51. ^ a b Brissenden, Constance (2009). The History of Metropolitan Vancouver's Hall of Fame: Who's Who, Moody. Vancouver History.
  52. ^ a b "Letters of Robert Burnaby, tertiary Dec 1859".
  53. ^ Dorothy Blakey Smith, ed., 'The Journal of Arthur Thomas Bushby, 1858-1859,' British Columbia
  54. ^ Scott (1983), pp. nineteen–twenty.
  55. ^ a b Howard, Joseph Jackson; Well-baked, Frederick Arthur, eds. (1900). "Boyd of Moor House, Co. Durham". Visitation of England and Wales. Vol. 8. pp. 161–164.
  56. ^ Scott (1983), p. 23.
  57. ^ Scott (1983), p. 25.
  58. ^ Scott (1983), p. 109.
  59. ^ Scott (1983), pp. 115–117.
  60. ^ Scott (1983).
  61. ^ "Letters of Robert Burnaby, 22 Feb 1859".
  62. ^ Cail, Robert Edgar (1974). Country, Man, and the Law: The Disposal of Crown Lands in British Columbia, 1871-1913. University of British Columbia Printing. p. lx. ISBN978-0-7748-0029-seven.
  63. ^ Thomson, Don W. (1966). Men and Meridians: The History of Surveying and Mapping in Canada. Queen's printer. p. 282. ISBN9780660115580.
  64. ^ Scott (1983), p. 131.
  65. ^ Scott (1983), p. 137.
  66. ^ New Westminster Council. Parks & Recreation History of Park Sites and Facilities, Moody Park…. p. 67.
  67. ^ New Westminster Quango. Parks & Recreation History of Park Sites and Facilities, Moody Park…. p. 62.
  68. ^ New Westminster Council. Parks & Recreation History of Park Sites and Facilities, Moody Park…. p. 65.
  69. ^ The Regal British Columbia Museum: Annual Report: 2013 - 2014
  70. ^ "Letters of Mary Moody, Imperial British Columbia Museum Archives" (PDF) . Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  71. ^ Fordyce, T. (1866). Local Records : or, Historical Register of Remarkable Events, which have occurred in Northumberland and Durham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Berwick-upon-Tweed from the Primeval Period of Authentic Record to the Present Time [...] T. Fordyce, Newcastle upon Tyne. p. 172.
  72. ^ British Columbia Archives, MS-0060, Letter from Mary Susanna Hawks-Moody to mother Mary Hawks, New Westminster, 4 June 1860.
  73. ^ "Letters of Mary Moody, Imperial British Columbia Museum Athenaeum" (PDF) . Retrieved four July 2016.
  74. ^ Cleall, Ishiguro & Manktelow (2013).
  75. ^ "The University of British Columbia, Records of the British Columbia Historical Association, British Columbia Historical News". British Columbia Historical Association. Retrieved four July 2016.
  76. ^ "Relative Distances: Family unit and Empire between United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, British Columbia and Bharat, 1858-1901, Laura Ishiguro, Academy College London" (PDF).
  77. ^ a b "The Photographic Album of Richard Clement Moody, Regal British Columbia Museum" (PDF).
  78. ^ "Fisherton de la Mere, Wiltshire, British History Online".
  79. ^ Marsh, Gail, Early on Twentieth Century Embroidery, GMC Publications, pp.141 - 143
  80. ^ "Sarsen.org, A List of Stonehenge Excavations".
  81. ^ "Entry for WEBB-JONES, James William (1904 - 1965) in Who'due south Who, Oxford Index". Oxford University Press.
  82. ^ Hunter, Andrew Alexander (1890). Cheltenham College Register, 1841-1889. George Bell and Sons, London. p. 295.
  83. ^ The Cambria Daily Leader, Th twenty August 1914, The National Library of Wales
  84. ^ "No. 25262". The London Gazette. 24 August 1883. p. 4169.
  85. ^ Dooner, Mildred G. The Last Post - Scroll of Officers who vicious in South Africa 1899-1902. Naval and Military Press.
  86. ^ Michell, Arthur Tompson. Rugby Schoolhouse Register, Vol. Iii, 1874-1905. A. J. Lawrence, Rugby Printing. p. 57.
  87. ^ "Colonel Moody's Family". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  88. ^ "Boer War Memorial, Hereford Cathedral". Retrieved 5 Dec 2016.
  89. ^ "Conqueror5". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  90. ^ "Album - Colonel Richard Clement Moody, Purple Engineers [British Columbia]" (PDF).

Sources [edit]

  • "The Photographic Album of Richard Clement Moody, Imperial British Columbia Museum" (PDF).
  • "Letters of Mary Moody, Royal British Columbia Museum Archives" (PDF) . Retrieved iv July 2016.
  • Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Ceremonious Engineers, Volume ninety, Outcome 1887, 1887, pp. 453-455, OBITUARY. MAJOR-GENERAL RICHARD CLEMENT MOODY, R.E., 1813-1181.
  • Tatham, David. "Moody, Richard Clement". Dictionary of Falklands Biography.
  • Sweetman, John. "Moody, Richard Clement". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19085. (Subscription or U.k. public library membership required.)
  • Vetch, Robert Hamilton (1894). "Moody, Richard Clement". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 332.
  • Cleall, Esme; Ishiguro, Laura; Manktelow, Emily J. (Spring 2013). "Regal Relations: Histories of family unit in the British Empire". Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. fourteen (1). doi:ten.1353/cch.2013.0006. S2CID 162030654.
  • "The Royal Engineers: Colonel Richard Clement Moody". Retrieved three November 2016.
  • Daniel Francis (Editor) (1999). Encyclopedia of British Columbia. Harbour Publishing. ISBN1-55017-200-X.
  • Derek Hayes (2005). Historical Atlas of Vancouver and the Lower Fraser Valley. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 26–29. ISBN978-1-55365-283-0.
  • Arthur S. Morton (1973) [1939]. A History of the Canadian West to 1870-71, Second Edition. University of Toronto Printing. p. 775f. ISBN0-8020-0253-6.
  • Moody, Richard Clement (January 1951). Willard Due east. Republic of ireland (ed.). "Letter of Colonel Richard Clement Moody, R.E., to Arthur Blackwood, Feb one, 1859". British Columbia Historical Quarterly. Fifteen (1 & 2): 85–107.
  • Scott, Laura Elaine (1983). The Imposition of British Culture as Portrayed in the New Westminster Capital letter Program of 1859 to 1862 (PDF) (M.A. thesis). Simon Fraser University.
  • Ormsby, Margaret A. (1982). "Moody, Richard Cloudless". In Halpenny, Francess Yard (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. Eleven (1881–1890) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.

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